鸭颈胸椎数目变异与其相关性状遗传参数估计

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2019.05.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在估计鸭颈椎、胸椎及相关性状的遗传参数，为未来选育北京鸭鸭脖与胸肌率性状提供依据。本试验以北京鸭×绿头野鸭F2代资源群体405只鸭（50♂、355♀）为研究材料，于49周龄屠宰，统计颈椎数、胸椎数、体长、体重、颈长、颈重、颈围、颈长/体长、颈重率、龙骨长、胸肌重和胸肌率，使用MTDFREML软件估计各性状的遗传参数。研究表明，颈、胸椎数变异在不同群体之间有所差异。鸭的颈椎数、胸椎数、体长、体重、颈长、颈重、颈围、颈长/体长、颈重率、龙骨长、胸肌重和胸肌率的遗传力分别是0.08、0.65、0.49、0.47、0.36、0.45、0.38、0.18、0.43、0.55、0.40和0.48。颈椎数和颈长、颈重、颈重率之间存在显著的正向遗传相关（0.40、0.13和0.23）和表型相关（0.29、0.17和0.19），颈椎数对鸭的颈长、颈重、颈重率均有显著影响（P<0.05）。胸椎数与龙骨长、胸肌率之间不存在显著遗传相关（0.01、0.03）和表型相关（0.05、-0.05），胸椎数对鸭的龙骨长、胸肌率均无显著影响（P>0.05）。而龙骨长和胸肌重、胸肌率之间有显著的正向遗传相关（0.72、0.11）和表型相关（0.49、0.32）。结果表明，鸭群体中存在颈、胸椎数目变异；通过选择增加群体的颈椎数量可以提高鸭脖的重量；选择增加群体的胸椎数量不能直接提高胸肌率指标，而通过测量龙骨长指标选择提高胸肌率的方法是可靠的。

Abstract:

This study was conducted to estimate the genetic parameters of cervical vertebrae and thoracic vertebrae related traits of ducks, in order to provide a reference for future duck breeding for neck and breast meat yield of Pekin duck. 405 ducks (50 males and 355 females) from the F2 resource population of Pekin duck×mallards were used as research materials for genetic parameters estimation with MTDFREML program. Traits including cervical vertebrae number (CVN), thoracic vertebrae number (TVN), body length(BL), body weight (BW), neck length (NL), neck weight (NW), neck circumference (NC), NL/BL, neck weight percentage (NWP), keel length (KL), breast meat weight (BMW) and breast meat weight percentage (BMWP) were detected and analyzed after slaughtered at 49 weeks of age. The results showed that cervical and thoracic vertebrae number variations were different in different duck populations. The heritability estimated for CVN, TVN, BL, BW, NL, NW, NC, NL/BL, NWP, KL, BMW and BMWP were 0.08, 0.65, 0.49, 0.47, 0.36, 0.45, 0.38, 0.18, 0.43, 0.55, 0.40 and 0.48, respectively. CVN had significant genetic and phenotypic correlation with NL (0.40 and 0.29), NW (0.13 and 0.17) and NWP (0.23 and 0.19). CVN significantly affected NW, NL and NWP(P<0.05). In contrast with CVN, TVN showed no significant genetic and phenotypic correlations with KL (0.01 and 0.05) and BMWP (0.03 and -0.05). KL and BMWP of ducks with different TVN both showed no significant difference(P>0.05). The genetic and phenotypic correlations of KL with BMW (0.72 and 0.49) and BMWP (0.11 and 0.32) were positive and significant. In conclusion, there existed cervical and thoracic vertebrae number variation in duck populations. Selection on cervical vertebrae number could improve the neck yield indirectly, while selection on thoracic vertebrae number could not increase the yield of the breast meat. Besides that, the study also verified that the selection on keel length could improve breast meat yield.

中图分类号:

S834.2

徐垭烯, 胡健, 刘贺贺, 周正奎, 侯水生, 刘小林. 鸭颈胸椎数目变异与其相关性状遗传参数估计[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(5): 939-946.

XU Yaxi, HU Jian, LIU Hehe, ZHOU Zhengkui, HOU Shuisheng, LIU Xiaolin. Genetic Parameter Estimation for Cervical and Thoracic Vertebrae Number Related Traits of Ducks[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2019, 50(5): 939-946.

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